Le Sahel, depuis quelques années est le théâtre de crises enchevêtrées et de réarticulation des réalités géopolitiques et sécuritaires. Ce bouleversement des logiques qui prévalait jusqu’à récemment a été un tremplin pour le retour (la Russie en l’occurrence qui signe son grand retour) de certains acteurs et l’arrivée de nouveaux acteurs (la Turquie, l’Iran... dans une certaine mesure).
Si l’imbrication des différentes crises ont des causes dissemblables, elles connaissent aujourd’hui une évolution qui est en train de redéfinir les cartes sur l’échiquier géostratégique. C’est dans cette configuration de jeu d’intérêt couplée à une gouvernance approximative et des contraintes sécuritaires marquées par la présence de groupes multiformes (rebelles, terroristes, bandits armés, milices…) que les alliances encore considérées comme classiques ont évolué au prisme des changements de dynamique de pouvoir. Les nouvelles dynamiques aux allures martiales sont imprégnées de coloration souverainiste, panafricaniste et de remise en cause de la démocratie. Pour autant si les nouvelles tendances semblent avoir eu un écho favorable auprès d’une frange non négligeable de l’opinion publique dans le sahel, elle a du mal à se traduire sur le terrain par des actes de consolidation des états, de la cohésion nationale et de la relance économique.
Le présent policy paper vise à analyser et comprendre les changements géopolitiques et de partenariats effectués au Sahel. Il permettra d’examiner l’impact de ces mutations sur les dynamiques politiques, économiques et sécuritaires sur le plan national, régional et international. A la fin, des recommandations pratiques seront formulées dans la perspective de l’édification d’un cadre pour la paix, la stabilité et un développement durable dans toute la sous-région au gré de ses récentes mutations géopolitiques.
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